Nestled in the Peruvian Andes at an altitude of 3,400 meters (11,200 feet), this city offers a rich blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. From ancient archaeological sites and colonial architecture to vibrant markets and breathtaking landscapes, Cusco provides an array of experiences that enchant every visitor. This essay explores the top things to do in Cusco, highlighting its must-see attractions, activities, and cultural experiences.
Discovering Inca Heritage
Sacsayhuamán
One of the most impressive Inca ruins near Cusco is Sacsayhuamán, a ceremonial complex located on a hill overlooking the city. Visitors can explore the fortress, enjoy panoramic views of Cusco, and witness the Inti Raymi festival if visiting in June.
Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun)
In the heart of Cusco lies Qorikancha, once the most important temple in the Inca Empire, dedicated to Inti, the Sun God. The Spanish conquerors built the Santo Domingo Church atop its foundations, creating a fascinating blend of Inca and colonial architecture. Visitors can explore the remnants of the temple, including finely crafted stonework and the surviving gardens that once glittered with gold.
The Sacred Valley
A short trip from Cusco takes you to the Sacred Valley, a region that was vital to the Incas due to its fertile lands. The valley is home to several significant sites, including Pisac, with its impressive terraced hillsides and bustling market; Ollantaytambo, a well-preserved Inca town with a formidable fortress; and Chinchero, known for its vibrant traditional weaving practices. Each site offers unique insights into Inca engineering, agriculture, and daily life.
Exploring Colonial Cusco
Plaza de Armas
Cusco’s central square, Plaza de Armas, is a lively hub surrounded by colonial architecture, including the Cusco Cathedral and the Church of La Compañía de Jesús. The plaza is a great place to start exploring the city’s historical and cultural heritage. Visitors can relax in the square, visit the museums and churches, and enjoy the numerous cafes and restaurants that line its perimeter.
Cusco Cathedral
Dominating the Plaza de Armas, the Cusco Cathedral is a masterpiece of colonial architecture. Built on the foundations of an Inca palace, the cathedral houses a stunning collection of colonial art, including the famous painting of The Last Supper with a distinctly Andean twist – a guinea pig on the table. The intricate woodwork, silver altars, and expansive ceilings make it a must-visit site for history and art enthusiasts.
San Blas Neighborhood
The San Blas neighborhood, known for its bohemian atmosphere, narrow streets, and whitewashed adobe houses, is a charming area to explore. It’s home to numerous artisan workshops, galleries, and the San Blas Church, which features an impressive pulpit carved from a single piece of cedar. This area is perfect for leisurely strolls, shopping for unique souvenirs, and enjoying the vibrant local art scene.
Immersing in Local Culture
Traditional Markets
Cusco’s markets offer a sensory feast of colors, smells, and sounds. The San Pedro Market is one of the most popular, where visitors can browse a wide array of goods, from fresh produce and local delicacies to handmade crafts and textiles. It’s an excellent place to sample Peruvian cuisine, buy souvenirs, and experience the daily life of Cusqueños.
Peruvian Cuisine
Cusco is a gastronomic delight, with a rich culinary heritage that blends indigenous, Spanish, and modern influences. Local specialties include cuy (guinea pig), alpaca meat, and dishes made with native ingredients like quinoa, potatoes, and corn. The city’s restaurants range from traditional eateries to gourmet establishments, offering something for every palate. A must-try is the hearty dish of rocoto relleno (stuffed spicy pepper) and the refreshing drink chicha morada, made from purple corn.
Festivals and Celebrations
Cusco is renowned for its vibrant festivals, which are deeply rooted in both Inca and Spanish traditions. Inti Raymi, the Festival of the Sun, is celebrated on June 24th and is one of the most significant events in Cusco. Other notable celebrations include Corpus Christi and the religious procession of Señor de los Temblores (Lord of the Earthquakes). Participating in these festivals offers a unique glimpse into Cusco’s rich cultural heritage.
Outdoor Adventures
Machu Picchu
No visit to Cusco is complete without a trip to Machu Picchu, the iconic Inca citadel. Whether you choose to hike the classic Inca Trail, the shorter Inca Trail, or take the train to Aguas Calientes, the journey to Machu Picchu is an unforgettable experience. The site itself, with its stunning terraces, temples, and panoramic views, lives up to its reputation as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca)
For those seeking breathtaking natural landscapes, a trek to Rainbow Mountain, also known as Vinicunca, is a must. Located around 100 kilometers southeast of Cusco, the mountain is famous for its strikingly colorful mineral layers.
Humantay Lake
Another popular day trip from Cusco is the hike to Humantay Lake, a stunning turquoise glacial lake situated at the base of Humantay Mountain. The trek offers dramatic Andean scenery, including snow-capped peaks and lush valleys. The pristine beauty of the lake and its surroundings make it a favorite among nature lovers and photographers.